Onake Obavva

January 14, 2024

6 Minutes

Onake Obavva fighting Hyder Ali's Army (Photo Credits: Swarajya_

Introduction

Onake Obavva, a name that echoes through time, is a part of Karnataka's history that showcases bravery, resilience, and unwavering determination. Born in the 18th century, Onake Obavva emerged as a formidable warrior during a critical period in Chitradurga. In this blog, I’ll simplify her inspiring tale by diving into the historical context of her story, the importance of Chitradurga Fort, her role as a symbol of Kannada pride, and the lasting impact she has on our society till date.

Importance of Onake Obavva for UPSC Aspirants

• Indian History: Onake Obavva's story is a part of Modern History, particularly in the 18th century when there were conflicts and invasions in different regions. Knowing about her helps us understand how power, resistance, and society worked during that time.
• Role of Women in History: Her tale shows how important women were in historical events, even though their role is often overlooked. If you're studying the socio-cultural aspects of Indian history for UPSC, her story will give you valuable insights.
• Regional History and Cultural Identity: For those looking into the history and culture of Karnataka, Onake Obavva's story is essential. It helps us understand the details of the socio-political landscape in the region.
• Contemporary Relevance: The 'Obavva Pade' initiative today shows that historical figures like Onake Obavva still have an impact on how we do things. This is especially important for UPSC aspirants dealing with questions about how history connects with our present.

For tips on UPSC preparation, you can check out our detailed blog on How to Prepare for UPSC.

Origin of the name Onake Obavva

• Onake Obavva got her name from her courageous act, and "Obavva" was her real name that was given to her by her family. 
• The term "Onake" refers to the pestle, a rod-like tool used for crushing and grinding of paddy), which she used to defend Chitradurga Fort. 
• In Kannada, her local language, her name, Onake Obavva, combines her given name, Obavva, with the tool that played a significant role in her brave actions.

Historical Context

The Backdop

• The backdrop against which Onake Obavva's valor unfolded was the invasion of Chitradurga Fort, ruled by Madakari Nayaka, by the forces of Hyder Ali. 
• The 18th century was a tumultuous time in the Indian subcontinent, marked by territorial struggles and power shifts. 
• Hyder Ali, the ruler of the Mysore Kingdom and the father of Tipu Sultan, sought to expand his dominion, putting Chitradurga in his sights.

Chitradurga Fort

• Situated 200 km northwest of Bengaluru, the Chitradurga Fort, locally known as Elusuttina Kote, served as the stage for Onake Obavva's heroic stand. 
• The fort, situated on rocky terrain, had been a strategic stronghold of rulers for centuries. 
• Chitradurga Fort’s importance escalated during the reign of Madakari Nayaka as it became a focal point of resistance against external forces.
• Notably, Hyder Ali attacked the fort of Chitradurga thrice. Although he was unsuccessful in 1760 and 1770, he managed to defeat Madakari Nayaka and captured the fort in 1779.

Onake Obavva's Heroic Stand

• Onake Obavva, the wife of a tower guard named Kahale Mudda Hanuma, found herself thrust into an unforeseen role as the fortress came under siege. 
• Armed with a simple pestle, informally known as 'Onake' in Kannada, she stood resolute in the face of danger. 
• A chance sighting of enemy soldiers attempting to breach the fort through a concealed hole in the rocks propelled her into action.
• As her husband was away, Obavva, fetching water from a nearby pond, noticed the secret invasion. With unparalleled bravery, she used the Onake to eliminate the intruders, one by one, quietly disposing of their bodies to avoid raising suspicions. 
• Her heroic effort, though successful in saving the fort on that occasion, could not prevent the eventual fall of Chitradurga to Hyder Ali in 1779.
• As per the historic records, she was found dead on the spot but the cause of death is still not clear. Historians say that she died either due to shock or was killed by soldiers of Hyder Ali’s army. (Source: Wikipedia)

A girl playing Onake Obavva during a play. (Source: The Hindu)

Onake Obavva’s Legacy as a Symbol of Kannada Pride

Onake Obavva is remembered for more than just history. People celebrate her as a symbol of pride for Kannada. She is like other strong women - Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma, and Kittur Chennamma. Each of them helped shape Karnataka's culture and history. 

• The hole where soldiers tried to get into the fort is now called Onake Obavvana Kindi or Onake Kindi. It serves as a clear reminder of her strong spirit and the important role she played in protecting Chitradurga.

• Onake Obavva's story isn't only found in history books; it has also been showcased on the big screen. A Kannada drama in 2019 called "Chitradurgada Onake Obavva” was based on her story. 
• Jayanthi, a popular Kannada actress, portrayed Onake Obavva in the movie "Nagarahaavu."  Her bravery is also captured in a famous song in the film Nagarahavu, directed by Puttanna Kanagal. 
• In 2021, the Karnataka State Government announced that 11th November, Onake Obavva's birth anniversary, will be celebrated as "Onake Obavva Jayanti" every year.

Legacy in Contemporary Society

Onake Obavva's legacy is not confined to the pages of history; it continues to inspire positive change in contemporary society. 

• In 2018, the Chitradurga police initiated 'Obavva Pade,' a team of women police constables named after her. This squad is dedicated to safeguarding and educating women in the district.
• Her commemoration is not limited to law enforcement; a sports stadium in Chitradurga, the Veera Vanithe Onake Obavva Stadium, stands as a tribute to her bravery. 
• A statue sculpted by Ashok Gudigar has been erected in front of the District Commissioner’s office in Chitradurga, serving as a constant reminder of her contributions.

Conclusion

Onake Obavva's story is more than just history; it's a tale of bravery, fighting against challenges, and a strong human spirit. From the tough land of Chitradurga to the movie screens, her legacy goes beyond time and different ways of telling stories. For those preparing for UPSC exams and exploring India's history, knowing about Onake Obavva isn't just academic but a journey into how people stay strong and how cultures are shaped. Her name shows how important individuals, especially women, are in our diverse and rich history.

Practice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: Consider the following statements regarding Onake Obavva's historical significance:

Statement 1: Onake Obavva successfully defended Chitradurga Fort against Hyder Ali's forces.

Statement 2: The hole through which enemy soldiers attempted to infiltrate the fort is now named Onake Obavvana Kindi.

Statement 3: Onake Obavva's story is depicted in the film "Nagarahaavu."

Select the statements that are true using the code given below:

A. 1 & 2

B. 2 & 3

C. 1 & 3

D. All of the above

Answer: C

Q2: Consider the following statements about Onake Obavva's legacy:

Statement 1: She is celebrated as a symbol of Kannada pride.

Statement 2: The 'Obavva Pade' initiative by Chitradurga police was initiated in 2018.

Statement 3: Onake Obavva's story is not reflected in popular culture.

Select the statements that are true using the code given below:

A. 1 & 2

B. 2 & 3

C. 1 & 3

D. All of the above

Answer: A

Q3: Consider the following statements about Chitradurga Fort:

Statement 1: Chitradurga Fort is located 100 km northeast of Bengaluru.

Statement 2: Madakari Nayaka ruled over Chitradurga during the 18th century.

Statement 3: Onake Obavva's heroic effort saved the fort during the 1779 attack.

Select the statements that are true using the code given below:

A. 1 & 2

B. 2 & 3

C. 1 & 3

D. All of the above

Answer: C

Mains Practice Question

Question: Explain the historical significance of Onake Obavva's role in defending Chitradurga Fort and its impact on shaping the cultural identity of Karnataka.

Model Answer

Onake Obavva, a brave figure from Karnataka's past, represents more than just a historical account. Her courage defending Chitradurga Fort against Hyder Ali's forces reflects the enduring spirit of the region.

Defending Chitradurga Fort: Onake Obavva's bravery shone as she stood alone against Hyder Ali's forces, using a simple pestle (a rod-like grinding tool) to protect Chitradurga Fort. This act became a symbol of resilience, showcasing the people's spirit in challenging times.

Cultural Impact and Symbolism: The hole, now named Onake Obavvana Kindi, where she defended the fort, symbolizes her indomitable spirit. This recognition highlights her vital role in safeguarding Chitradurga and adds to Karnataka's cultural identity.

Contemporary Relevance: Her legacy persists through initiatives like 'Obavva Pade,' connecting history with the present. This showcases how historical figures, even from the 18th century, inspire positive changes today. 

In today's Karnataka, Onake Obavva's story influences various aspects. The 'Obavva Pade' initiative, started in 2018, demonstrates her ongoing impact on policies and practices, reflecting the importance of historical figures in shaping modern approaches. Also, the Karnataka State Government, in 2021, announced that 11th November, the birth anniversary of Onake Obavva, will be celebrated as "Onake Obavva Jayanti."

In conclusion, Onake Obavva's tale goes beyond history, providing insights into resilience and cultural identity. Her name stands as a reminder of the often-overlooked roles individuals, especially women, play in shaping Karnataka's history.